26
AASMMembershipSectionsNewsletter
■
Issue #5
AmericanAcademy
of SleepMedicine
Her study of fatigue risk factors in various operational
environments informs thedevelopment of policy and best-
practice guidelines by groups including federal and regional
regulators. Dr. James’ publishedwork includes studies of
human sleep, circadian physiology and clock gene expression
performed in time-isolation environments and under
conditions including shift work and jet-lag. Dr. James brings
her academic research experience to the development of
data-driven approaches to fatigue riskmanagement inwork
environments including the commercial motor vehicle industry,
aviation, rail and commuter transit systems.
MathiasBasner, MD, PhD, MSc
Dr. Basner is anAssistant Professor of Sleepand
Chronobiology inPsychiatry at theUniversity of Pennsylvania
School of Medicine. Dr. Basner received his degree in
Medicine and hisMaster inResearch from theUniversity of
Bochum, Germany andMaster of Science inEpidemiology
from theUniversity of Bielefeld, Germany. Dr. Basner trained
at the Institute forAppliedPhysiology at theUniversity of
Bochum andworkedas aResearchAssociate at theGerman
AerospaceCenter (DLR), InstituteofAerospaceMedicine,
Flight PhysiologyDivision from 1999until 2006 beforemoving
to theUnitedStates to pursue his research interests in the
neurobehavioral consequences of sleep loss as aResearch
Associate. He returned toDLR in 2008 to head theFlight
PhysiologyDivision for two years. In January 2010, Dr.
Basner assumed the position ofAssistant Professor of Sleep
andChronobiology inPsychiatry.
Mikhail Bochkarev, MD, PhD
Dr. Bochkarev is starting his second year as aMember
of theSleepDeprivation section. He is anExpert in shift-
work projects inConTerra LLC, Saint-Petersburg, Russia.
He coordinates shift-work studies in his past job in the
Department of Hospital Therapy, Khanty-MansiyskState
Medical Academy. Dr. Bochkarev’s primary research interests
concern the effects of sleep loss on health and performance
to shift-workers, and the humans’ adaptation tonatural
conditions of theFar North.
AbidMalik, MD
Dr. Malik is in chargeof one of the inpatient adult Psychiatry
units at OrlandoHealth, together with half of the inpatient
Psychiatry intensive level of care unit. In addition, he is the
medical director of OrlandoHealth’sSleepDisorder Center
(SouthSeminoleSite), and runs aweekly sleep clinic. Hehas
a busy outpatient Psychiatry practice, & engages in clinical
research. His research interests include the effects of sleep
deprivation onPsychiatric disorders such as anxiety and
depression, and vice versa. ■
the aircraft came in too low and too slow and, just as thepilotwas
calling for a go-around, the landinggear and then the tail of the
aircrafthit the seawall just short of the runway. Threepeoplewere
killed and twelve critically injured. Theflight crewwas relatively
inexperiencedwith the visual approach intoSFO.The crash appears
tohavebeen a result of pilot error.
1
Fatigue is the result of the interactionof time awake (sleep loss),
timeof day (circadian rhythmphase), andworkload.
2
Fatigue is
operationallydefinedby self-report – “I am tired”– andbydegraded
cognitiveperformance. Fatigue is frequently theproximate
causeof error, incident and accident. Flight 214 tookoff from
Incheon, SouthKorea at 17:04KoreaStandardTime (KST) (08:04
CoordinatedUniversal Time (UTC)). Thepilots flew for 10hours
and24minutes. Assuming that thepilots’ circadian rhythms
were synchronized toKST, the crashoccurred at 03:28KST, in the
middleof theirwindowof circadian low (WOCL),with respect
tophysiological/circadian time. Thepilots probablynapped in
the afternoon thedaybefore and took some inflight sleepover
thePacificOcean. Nevertheless, thepilotswere likely suffering
performancedegradation frombothmild-to-moderate sleep loss
and adverse circadianphase (and their interaction) at the timeof the
attempted landing. For thepilots ofAsianaFlight 214, fatigue from
sleep loss and adverse circadianphase likely increased the riskof
pilot error.
References
2
BelenkyG, LampA,HempA, andZaslona J (2014) Fatigue in the
workplace. InMTBianchi (ed.), SleepDeprivation andDisease:
Effects on theBody, Brain, andBehavior,NewYork: Springer,
pp.243-268
